Dark Spots & Hyperpigmentation

Dark spots are areas of hyperpigmentation where excess melanin accumulates, including sun (solar) lentigines, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. 'Brightening' cosmetics aim to even tone and fade the appearance of these spots rather than bleach the skin.What to look forvitamin C: Antioxidant that inhibits tyrosinase and interferes with melanin production, helping fade dark spots and even tone, especially alongside sunscreen.azelaic-acid: Inhibits tyrosinase and targets overactive melanocytes; effective for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and generally safe in skin of color.tranexamic acid: Reduces melanin via the plasminogen pathway; topical and oral forms show benefit for melasma and stubborn pigmentation.niacinamide: Blocks transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, helping reduce the appearance of dark spots and uneven tone.glycolic/lactic/PHA: Alpha/poly-hydroxy acids accelerate turnover of pigmented surface cells, helping fade superficial discoloration and improve radiance.How to chooseSunscreen is non-negotiable for any dark-spot routine — pick broad-spectrum SPF 30+Look for evidence-backed actives: vitamin C, niacinamide, azelaic acid, tranexamic acidChoose stabilized vitamin C formulas in opaque/air-tight packagingExpect 8–12+ weeks; pigmentation fades slowly and melasma is prone to recurrenceMelasma is chronic and best co-managed with a dermatologistFAQWhy won't my dark spots fade even with serums?Without daily sun protection, UV continually re-stimulates melanin; sunscreen is required for brightening actives to work and to keep melasma from returning.Is melasma curable?Melasma is typically a chronic, relapsing condition that can be managed and faded but often recurs, particularly with sun/heat and hormonal triggers.Are 'skin whitening' products safe?Be cautious: some unregulated whitening products contain mercury or illegal levels of actives. Use cosmetics that 'even tone' rather than bleach, and see a dermatologist for stubborn pigmentation.